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Nature. 2014 Sep 17. doi: 10.1038/nature13793.

Suez J, Korem T, Zeevi D, Zilberman-Schapira G, Thaiss CA, Maza O, Israeli D, Zmora N, Gilad S, Weinberger A, Kuperman Y, Harmelin A,Kolodkin-Gal I, Shapiro H, Halpern Z, Segal E, Elinav E.

Non-caloric artificial sweeteners (NAS) are among the most widely used food additives worldwide. The results from this study link NAS consumption, dysbiosis(microbial imbalance) and metabolic abnormalities, thereby calling for a reassessment of NAS usage.

Jan, 2014

Host A,Halken S

An overview of adverse reactions to cow's milk and recommendations

Korean J Gastroenterol. 2014 Sep 25;64(3):142-7.

Kim JH, Sung IK.

Based on observational and comparative studies, and randomized-controlled trials, FODMAPs (fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols) have been shown to trigger gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with IBS. Choosing low FODMAPs is now a realistic and efficacious therapeutic approach for managing symptoms of IBS.

Jan. 3, 2014 Science Daily

Researchers in Spain have obtained new products fermented with probiotic bacteria from grains and nuts, known as plant-based or vegetable "milks", which are an alternative to conventional yoghurts. The products are specially designed for people with allergies to cow's milk, lactose or gluten intolerance, as well as children and pregnant women.

Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2014 Sep;17(5):442-7. doi: 10.1097

Skypala I, Vlieg-Boerstra B.

Recent evidence suggests that it is the quality and variety of the whole diet which affects the development of food allergy. This review seeks to understand whether food allergy prevalence is increasing and the role of diet in the development of the disease.

Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2013 Oct;86(7):749-53. doi: 10.1007/s00420-012-0812-2. Epub 2012 Aug 24.

Wilder-Smith CH, Materna A, Wermelinger C, Schuler J

This study investigates the prevalence of fructose and lactose intolerance and malabsorption (abnormality in absorption of food nutrients across the gastrointestinal (GI) tract)and their association with clinical GI as well as non-GI symptoms in FGID(functional gastrointestinal disorders) and the outcome of dietary intervention.

July-Sept 2013

Lozinsky AC,Boé C,Palmero R,Fagundes-Neto U

Fructose is a monosaccharide(carbohydrate) frequently present in natural and artificial fruit juice. Some individuals may develop fructose malabsorption (not being able to absorb properly). This study looked at 43 patients with gastrointestinal disorders from 3 months to 16 years of age who had samples taken after having a fructose solution over a 2 hour period.

To conclude,patients with irritable bowel syndrome and functional abdominal pain were the main cause of fructose malabsorption

September 2012, Vol. 47, No. 8-9 , Pages 914-919

Arnold Berstad , Ragnhild Undseth , Ragna Lind, Jørgen Valeur

Patients with perceived food hypersensitivity typically present with multiple health complaints. This prospective study aimed to assess the severity of 84 patients intestinal and extra-intestinal symptoms.

Jan 9  2012

Dietary supplementation with GF/Bb enhances serum galectin-9 levels, which associates with the prevention of allergic symptoms.

Autism Res. 2014 Apr 21. doi: 10.1002/aur.1386

Kang V, Wagner GC, Ming X.

This US study shows that GI dysfunction was prevalent in this cohort of 164 children with Autism Spectrum Disorder(ASD), observations consistent with the reports of parents and other clinicians.

BMC Med. 2014 May 23;12(1):85

Volta U, Bardella MT, Calabrò A, Troncone R, Corazza GR.

This prospective survey shows that Non Celiac Gluten Sensitivity(NCGS) has a strong correlation with female gender and adult age. Based on the results, the prevalence of NCGS seems to be only slightly higher than that of celiac disease

Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014 Mar 22. pii: S0210-5705(14)00051-X.

Molina-Infante J, Santolaria S, Montoro M, Esteve M, Fernández-Bañares F

This review updates evidence on the pathophysiology of Non celiac gluten sensitivity(NCGS) and the efficacy of different dietary interventions in its treatment, stressing the need for proper screening for celiac disease before a diagnosis of NCGS is made.

World J Gastroenterol. 2014 Aug 28;20(32):11023-32. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i32.11023

Kotlyar DS, Shum M, Hsieh J, Blonski W, Greenwald DA.

While the trigger and causes of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are highly complex, it has been noted that both clinical and pathophysiological similarities exist between IBD and both asthma and non-pulmonary allergic phenomena. In this review, several key points on common biomarkers, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations and nutritional and probiotic interventions for both IBD and non-pulmonary allergic diseases are discussed.

Nov 2013

Liu FL¹, Ning YB, Ma DF, Zheng YD, Yang XG, Li WJ, Zhang YM², Wang PY

Objective:To measure the prevalence, the possible causes and the influencing factors of allergy, food hypersensitivity and food intolerance in 0-36 month old infants in 8 cities in China. This was self reported by parents.

Conclusion:Self-reported infant allergy rate was 17.97% (473/2632) ; self-reported food hypersensitivity and food intolerance rates were 6.53% (172/2632) and 4.26% (112/2632) , respectively. The proportion of self-reported food hypersensitivity of 0-12 months old infants was 4.47% (74/1656. In conclusion infancy is a vulnerable stage to develop an allergy.

Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2014 Oct 14. doi: 10.1111/apt.12984

Turnbull JL1, Adams HN, Gorard DA.

This research looks at the differences between food allergy and intolerance and reviews the data in adults and children.

Deutsches Ärzteblatt International Int 2009; 106(21): 359–70

A selective literature search including national guide-lines and the databases PubMed, the Cochrane Library,and the Erlangen University interdisciplinary data register of chronic inflammatory and allergic diseases was undertaken to establish the current state of knowledge relating to food intolerances.

Nov, 2013

Raithel M,Weidenhiller M,Hagel AF,Hetterich U,Neurath MF,Konturek PC

Adverse food reactions are commonly reported by patients. Literature was researched looking at publications of carbohydrate malabsorption(sugars that are not absorbed properly).The malabsorption of simple carbohydrates is the most common type of non-immune-mediated (not started by the immune system) food intolerance, affecting 20% to 30% of the European population.

The goals of treatment for carbohydrate malabsorption are to eliminate the intake of the responsible carbohydrate substance or reduce it to a tolerable amount